Aging causes degeneration and dysfunction of cells in multiple organs, leading to multiple disorders in the elderly. These include obesity, glucose intolerance, and dyslipidemina. Elderly people also tend to develop bone and cartilage disorders such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. In addition, age is a risk factor for prostate cancer and mammary carcinoma. Such disorders affect the quality of daily living and life span in the elderly. The causes of these age-related disorders are affected by genetic and environmental factors. Our laboratory is studying the mechanisms of aging and age-related disorders. We are focusing on the functions of sex hormones, estrogen and androgen, in aging and age-related human disorders. We have recently found an important molecule, estrogen-responsive finger protein (Efp/Trim25), which plays a role in aging and age-related disorder. We also performed Genome-wide screening of androgen target genes in prostate cancer cells. We found that both androgen-regulated coding genes and noncoding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs) were determined as androgen target genes. Moreover, we identified novel markers of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with pathogenesis of osteoporosis by performing a large-scale SNP screen with Japanese women utilizing SNP array. The goal of our laboratory is to understand the mechanisms of age-related human diseases and develop novel therapeutic modalities for such diseases.